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Nguyễn Huệ (阮惠), also known as Emperor Quang Trung (光中) (born in Bình Định in 1753, died in Phú Xuân on 16 September 1792), was the second emperor of the Tây Sơn dynasty of Vietnam, reigning from 1788 until 1792.〔Patricia M. Pelley Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past - 2002- Page 191 "The people of the North, who ''warmly welcomed'' Nguyễn Huệ, formed peasant armies to help him wage war against the Trịnh. Thus, the movement that had begun in Qui Nhơn came to engulf all of Vietnam."〕 He was also one of the most successful military commanders in Vietnam's history, 〔Théophile Le Grand de la Liraye ''Notes historiques sur la nation annamite''〕 though he was known to have attained these achievements by ruthless, massive killing of especially the entire Nguyen lords families and thousands of civil Chinese residing then in southern Vietnam, not his real enemy, the Qing dynasty of China. Nguyễn Huệ and his brothers, together known as the Tây Sơn brothers,〔The three brothers, listed from eldest to youngest, were Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, Nguyễn Lữ.〕 were the leaders of the famous Tây Sơn rebellion. As rebels, they conquered Vietnam, overthrowing the imperial Later Lê dynasty and the two rival feudal houses of the Nguyễn in the south and the Trịnh in the north. After several years of constant military campaigning and rule, Nguyễn Huệ died at the age of 40, possibly due to a stroke. Legend has it that he died actually because he was punished by spirits of dead Nguyen lords whose tombs he seriously insulted.〔In Vietnamese:(Quang Trung Nguyễn Huệ (1753-1792) ) Vietsciences Accessed 14-11-2007〕 Prior to his death, he had made plans to continue his march southwards in order to destroy the army of Nguyễn Ánh, a surviving heir of the Nguyễn lords. Nguyễn Huệ's death led to the downfall of the Tây Sơn dynasty. His successors were unable to follow the plans he had made for ruling Vietnam. However, his conquests marked the beginning of approximately a century in which Vietnam was both unified and independent until the Western conquest of Vietnam in 1884. == Early life == According to multiple sources, Nguyễn Huệ's ancestors were peasants who lived in Nghệ An.〔In Vietnamese: (Trung chi II họ Hồ Quỳnh Đôi ) và (Tiểu chi Cụ Án, Trung chi 5 )〕〔In Vietnamese Việt Nam sử lược, Trần Trọng Kim, page 70,〕〔In Vietnamese: Khâm Định Việt Sử thông Giám Khương Mục, Quốc sử quán triều Nguyễn, page 294〕 They left Nghệ An and moved to southern Vietnam after an attack by the Nguyễn lords against the Trịnh lords in Nghệ An. His ancestors' surname was Hồ (胡), but Huệ's great grandfather Hồ Phi Long, who was a servant of the Dinh family of Bằng Chân hamlet, Tuy Viễn district (or An Nhơn), Quy Nhơn province, married a woman from the Dinh family and had a son named Hồ Phi Tiễn, Huệ's grandfather. Hồ Phi Tiễn did not continue farming as his father, but instead traded in betel. Through his work he met and married Nguyễn Thị Đồng, the only daughter of a rich betel tradesman residing in Tây Sơn village. One of their children was Huệ's father Hồ Phi Phúc (also known as Nguyễn Phi Phúc). Some sources say that in taking on the surname Nguyễn, the family followed the surname of Huệ's mother; other sources say that it followed the surname of Nguyễn lords of southern Vietnam. Nguyễn Huệ was born in 1753 in Tây Sơn village, Nghia Binh province (now Bình Định). He was the third of three brothers in a family with eight children. His father, Nguyễn Phi Phúc, made the three brothers dedicate themselves to their studies early in life. Their martial arts master was Trương Văn Hiến, a learned guest (''môn khách'') and friend of Trương Văn Hạnh, who in turn was the teacher of Nguyễn Phúc Luân, the father of Nguyễn Phúc Ánh (or Nguyễn Ánh). After Trương Văn Hạnh killed by Trương Phúc Loan, Nguyễn Lord's uncle and a powerful chancellor, Trương Văn Hiến fled to Bình Định. He was first man to discover the talents of the Tây Sơn brothers and to advise them to do great deeds. He is accounted for the prophecy "Tây khởi nghĩa, Bắc thu công" (Revolt in the West, success in the North). Seeking to overthrow the corrupted Trương Phúc Loan and to help the prince Nguyễn Phúc Dương, the eldest of the Tây Sơn Brothers, Nguyễn Nhạc, gathered an army and revolted in 1771. He was aided by his brothers Nguyễn Huệ and Nguyễn Lữ. In the early days of the rebellion, Huệ was the most helpful of Nhạc's generals both in finance and in training the army; with the encouragement of Trương Văn Hiến and his own talent, Huệ rapidly increased his own popularity and that of the Tây Sơn Rebellion. Due to its popularity, the Tây Sơn army grew strong and attracted many talented generals, (such as Nguyễn Thung, Bùi Thị Xuân, Võ Văn Dũng, Võ Đình Tú, Trần Quang Diệu, Trương Mỹ Ngọc, and Võ Xuân Hoài). The rebels became famous for their policy: "fair, no corruption, only looting the rich, and help the poor" (công bằng, không tham nhũng, và chỉ cướp của của người giàu, giúp người nghèo).〔Les Espagnols dans l’Empire d’Annam, Spanish Catholic Priest Diego de Jumilla.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nguyễn Huệ」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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